| Impossible. That's what the 2009 Augustine | | | | such long duration--at one time the craft held a |
| committee reported about prospects for NASA's | | | | 26-hour record for single-flight endurance--it can |
| human exploration of space, at least for the next | | | | continually co-operate with both ground based |
| seven years. NASA's budget issues remain at the top | | | | firefighters and off-planet satellites to photograph |
| of the list holding humans from space but the same | | | | and monitor fires below. |
| future may not hold true for its robots. | | | | In the future, NASA is likely to entertain ideas for |
| Two recent robot adventurers, rovers Spirit and | | | | using this sort of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) in a |
| Opportunity, lend credence to the idea that NASA's | | | | role exploring and monitoring the surface of alien |
| future may rapidly become reliant on robots to carry | | | | worlds, carrying out automated scientific experiments |
| out missions in space. The Mars exploring rovers cost | | | | at high-altitude, and coordinating with other robots on |
| the agency more than $400 million apiece but have | | | | the ground and in space alike. |
| returned nearly six years of insightful data and | | | | A Future for NASA Robots |
| imagery from the red planet's surface. | | | | Sure to be the envy of every earth-bound |
| Contrast this against the charge for merely launching | | | | grasshopper, the Jollbot is wiry, robotic contraption |
| human passengers into orbit via space shuttle, at | | | | that may take a leap for NASA's future exploration |
| roughly $450 million per launch, and the fiscal benefits | | | | of space. |
| become quickly apparent. Not to mention, space | | | | Robots that physically walk on some sort of leg or |
| shuttles such as Endeavour cost the agency almost | | | | roll around on a set of wheels can easily be thwarted |
| $1.7 billion to manufacture alone. | | | | by unpredictable terrain. The Jollbot takes a different |
| NASA's Space Faring Robots of the Past | | | | tack by literally forming a ball to roll across obstacles. |
| The Mars rovers aren't the first robots to plumb the | | | | If things get too tough, or if there are simply better |
| mysteries of space for NASA. In fact, robots have | | | | places to explore, the Jollbot can hop its way to a |
| investigated and visited more locations in our solar | | | | distant new location or hurdle over a small patch of |
| system than any human--oftentimes to locales an | | | | difficult ground before continuing its mission. |
| astronaut couldn't survive. | | | | Such a robot could provide a far cheaper and far |
| In 1973 the robotic space probe Mariner 10 traveled | | | | more efficient answer than previous attempts made |
| to the inner system planets of Mercury and Venus | | | | by NASA at exploring other planets and moons. It |
| while its younger sister, Mariner 9, made the trip to | | | | also means that NASA could send many more of |
| Mars more than thirty years before Spirit and | | | | these robotic explorers than usual opening up the |
| Opportunity. Alongside, Pioneer Venus 2 ejected | | | | possibility of mapping and traversing entire landscapes |
| robotic probes which dared an actual foot landing on | | | | in short periods of time, both on our home planet |
| the surface of Venus, a vacation spot bragging | | | | and anywhere in space we can afford to send them. |
| temperatures well over 800 degrees Fahrenheit. | | | | A much more human like robot is also being |
| One of those probes managed to survive the risky | | | | developed by NASA and DARPA--the Robonaut. |
| descent and dutifully report back for 45 minutes | | | | Featuring an upper torso, human styled hands and |
| inside roasting temperatures and atmospheric | | | | arms, and even a head straight out of your favorite |
| pressure that no sane human would tempt. Clearly | | | | science fiction movie, the Robonaut has been |
| robots can take an exploratory role that would be | | | | proposed as the ideal space janitor and maintenance |
| too costly and too dangerous for a person. | | | | man. |
| While we have managed to put footprints and flags | | | | Capable of being mounted in ways we humans might |
| on our nearby Moon, robots have traveled to virtually | | | | find offensive, the Robonaut could find itself perched |
| all of the planets and even some of their moons. Of | | | | on the end of a long, robotic arm for spacewalks |
| course, robots have visited our rocky celestial partner | | | | intended to repair and maintain equipment such as |
| as well, among them include various NASA Pioneer | | | | found on the International Space Station or orbiting |
| spacecraft and an array of Soviet Luna spacecraft. | | | | satellites. Partnered with humans, a Robonaut could |
| Most of these robotic Moon explorers have taken a | | | | make these spacewalks safer and easier, if not less |
| role as simple orbiters but a few have impacted the | | | | time-consuming and costly. |
| surface to pick through rocks and wander the barren | | | | Yet, the Robonaut isn't by any means limited to |
| surface. | | | | jaunts in space. One lucky Robonaut has been |
| NASA Robots on Earth | | | | mounted on a Segway HT, the hip, two-wheeled |
| Many ideas and projects for robots at NASA have | | | | electric scooter that has periodically foiled human |
| inevitably filtered down to worthy applications on | | | | riders such as George Bush. |
| Earth. After all, it is sometimes expensive or | | | | It is certainly possible that NASA could find even |
| dangerous for a human to travel and visit locations | | | | more inventive ways to mount a Robonaut, on Earth, |
| on our own space rock. | | | | in space, and into the distant future. Whatever the |
| One example is the Altus II, a robotic airplane | | | | case, it is apparent that robots form an effective |
| developed by NASA. Originally designed as a scientific | | | | cast and crew for NASA's future exploration of our |
| aircraft, in 2001 NASA presented the craft as a tool | | | | planet and our universe. |
| for fighting fires. | | | | Additional information and sources for this article |
| Human pilots have often risked their lives piloting | | | | include: |
| aircraft in an attempt to survey and monitor deadly, | | | | Augustine Plans Committee, Review of U.S. |
| often vast, wildfires. Because the Altus II can fly for | | | | |