Introductio to ACTIVE FILTER

Introductionwho will do it
Filters are circuits that are capable of passing signalsOrganisingn  Next phase to planningn  Divide work
with certain selected freq.,while rejecting signals withinto componentsn  Assign people to tasksn  Define
other freq. §That is called as selectivityauthorityn  Define responsibilityn  Establish structure
Active filters use transistors or op-amps combinedActuating (Directing)n  Carrying out physically
with passive RC,RL or RLC circuitsactivities as plannedn  Provide effective leadershipn 
§Active devices provide voltage gain, and theIntegrate people and taskn  Ensure effective
passive circuits provide frequency selectivity Here wecommunication
are study active filters using op-amps and RC circuitsControllingn  Checking up to ensure work is
Basic filter Resopnseprogressing as plannedn  Observe and study periodic
Output voltage is varies with the frequency of theresults of performancen  Compare performance and
input voltageinitiate corrective action in case of any deviation
Types of filter :Functions of managementn  Forecastingn 
1.Low pass filterPlanningn  Organisingn  Staffingn  Directingn 
2.High pass filterCoordinatingn  Controllingn  Decision making
3.Band pass filterForecastingn  Priliminary to planningn  Estimates the
4.Band stop filterfuture workn  May be sales or production or any
All signal lying within a band between a lowerother aspect of business activity
frequency limit and an upper frequency limit andPlanningn  All aspects of production, selling etc are
reject all other freq.outside  this specified band.essential in order to minimize the intangiblesn  A
BW = fc2 – fc1 §Center freq. fo = (fc1 * fc2 )process by which manager anticipates the future and
½discovers courses of action open to himn  Without
Q = fo / BW §Higher the value narrower the BWplanning activities of enterprise will be ineffective
and better selectivity for given value of foOrganisingn  Process by which structure and
Narrow band ( Q > 10 )allocation of jobs is decidedn  Determine activities
Wide band ( Q < 10 )requiredn  Grouping activities in logical basisn 
Q = 1 / DF §Where DF= Damping FactorAssigning people to job designed.n  Establishing
Management functions:framework in which responsibilities are defined and
Planningn  Thinking before doingn  Deciding what isauthorities laid down
to be done, when, where, how it is to be done andStaffingn  Process of selecting.