| The entire world seems sold on Global Warming and | | | | Icelandic eruption - a similar eruption in Iceland in 1821 |
| Climate Change - caused by human activities emitting | | | | lasted for 13 months! |
| carbon dioxide - and therefore the need to "green" | | | | In light of the Iceland volcano eruption, a look at |
| planet Earth. Nobel prizes were awarded to the UN's | | | | causes for global warming and climate change - other |
| IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) | | | | than man-kind activities - seems warranted. The |
| and Al Gore several years ago; at the recent | | | | summer of 1816 is considered to be one of the |
| Copenhagen conference (follow-on to the Kyoto | | | | coldest on record, studied by many weather |
| Protocol Climate Change Conference of 1997), | | | | scientists. The year is known as the "Year Without a |
| President Obama led leaders of 192 nations in | | | | Summer"; it is also known as the "Poverty Year", due |
| agreement with its principles, promising heavy financial | | | | to widespread destruction of crops. Severe climate |
| reparations to 3rd world nations. | | | | abnormalities during the summer destroyed crops in |
| Scientists have calculated that emissions of carbon | | | | Northern Europe, Northeastern United States and |
| dioxide by human activities, including fossil fuel | | | | Eastern Canada, and average global temperatures |
| burning, cement production, gas flaring, industrial | | | | decreased sufficiently to cause significant agricultural |
| operations and breathing, amount to perhaps 30 billion | | | | failures around the world. |
| tons per year. They also estimate that volcanic | | | | Of great interest to environmentalists were the |
| eruptions, a candidate consideration for cause, can | | | | unusual events prior to the summer of 1816: the |
| normally emit between about 145 to 255 million tons | | | | previous year, the eruption of the 13,000-foot Mount |
| of CO2 into the atmosphere per year, on average, | | | | Tambora volcano in Indonesia had hurled an |
| including both subaerial and submarine fissures and | | | | estimated 37 to 100 cubic miles of fine dust, cinders |
| vents. This seems to indicate that human activities | | | | and ashes more than 15 miles into the atmosphere. |
| may release perhaps 100 times the amount of | | | | The estimates of deaths were about 10,000, the |
| carbon dioxide emitted by volcanoes - thus, there | | | | blast being heard 970 miles away. Meteorologists |
| seems to be a reasonable basis for the universal | | | | believe the eruption caused the greatest amount of |
| concern: human activities are impacting the climate of | | | | volcanic dust to be ejected into the atmosphere in |
| planet Earth - and in a negative manner - causing | | | | history. In addition, Earth's atmosphere had already |
| global warming. | | | | been polluted by previous eruptions of other |
| However, Mother Nature must indeed have a strong | | | | volcanoes, Mayon and Luzon volcanoes in the |
| sense of humor - on the heels of the international | | | | Philipines in 1814, and the Soufriere volcano on St. |
| guilt-admitting furor at Copenhagen by world leaders | | | | Vincent Island in the Caribbean in 1812. The dust from |
| and President Obama in support of Global Warming - | | | | all these eruptions combined and lingered in the |
| along comes the coldest winter in recent decades. | | | | stratosphere - shielding Earth from the sun's rays - |
| And now, with Obama's EPA poised to levy severe | | | | thus enabling heat to escape from Earth - resulting in |
| pollutant restrictions and harsh financial penalties on | | | | reducing Earth's temperature. |
| American industry, there comes a volcanic eruption in | | | | The most likely cause of the severe climate change |
| Iceland that has devastated the air-transport | | | | seems therefore, to be the volcanic influences. |
| industry, closing down almost all flights over Europe | | | | Proponents note the numerous large volcanic |
| for a week, with attendant cost consequences which | | | | eruptions preceding 1816: Soufriére and St. Vincent |
| may bankrupt major airlines(absent bail-outs by | | | | in 1812: Mayon and Luzon in the Phillippines in 1814; |
| governments). | | | | Tambora in Indonesia in 1815. The Tambora eruption |
| The reality of major natural catastrophes: this recent | | | | has been estimated to be the most violent in |
| eruption of Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull volcano (or | | | | historical times, the explosion believed to have blown |
| Krakatau, or earthquakes, or tsunamis, or hurricanes, | | | | 150 to 180 cubic kilometres of material into the |
| or cyclical coolings and warmings of ocean or | | | | atmosphere. (For a comparison, the infamous 1883 |
| atmosphere), should warn decision-makers that planet | | | | eruption of Krakatau ejected only 20 cubic kilometres |
| Earth is huge and complex, and that feel-good, | | | | of material into the air - and yet it affected sunsets |
| simplistic ideologies dictating industrial restrictions and | | | | the world over for several years after). |
| financial reparations (the EPA or the Cap and Trade | | | | The seemingly most reasonable scientific "proximate" |
| bill) can cause great national economic damage while | | | | cause of drastic climate change during 1816 is |
| pursuing a noble cause ("greening" planet Earth) - but | | | | therefore the volcanic theory of climatic influence: |
| may provide little benefit. | | | | greatly increased volcanic activity causing immense |
| Within the first 72 hours of the eruption of | | | | amounts of ash and dust to be blown and trapped |
| Eyjafjallajokull volcano, Iceland's Institute of Earth | | | | high in the atmosphere, causing increased reflection |
| Sciences reported the average discharge rate of ash | | | | of solar radiation (instead of absorption at the Earth's |
| at 750 tons per second or 65 million tons per day - | | | | surface), resulting in globally decreased temperatures |
| equivalent to the normal average annual discharge - | | | | on Earth. |
| and in just the first few days. The plumes of ash | | | | Puny man and his activities seem trivial and |
| reached over seven miles into the skies; about | | | | inconsequential relative to the whimsicality and power |
| 100,000 flights were cancelled, ten million passengers | | | | of Mother Nature, plus the complexity and immensity |
| stranded; bankruptcy of major airlines distinct | | | | of planet Earth, and the primary influence of our Sun. |
| possibilities. There is also a caveat appendage to this | | | | |