Wholesalers and Retailers

Most retailers go to wholesalers every morning orcurrent day, but an estimation of the average price is
every second day to buy the goods they need forofficially displayed for each product. Sellers display no
their customers. Fruit and vegetables are perishableprices and transactions are always preceded by
and keeping them a few days requires quite heavynegotiations. To get information, buyers can visit
infrastructure. That's why retailers tend to comeseveral wholesale sellers, or alternatively ask some of
very regularly to have the freshest products theytheir friends who has visited other sellers. Usually,
can. It is very important for them to provide theirretailers spend some time in the bar, discussing with
customers with a range of products that isothers, or use their cell phones to ask prices to their
sufficiently diverse and where the goods are presentfriends.
in a regular way, even though there are sometimesTo achieve their goal of gathering the products, a
unpredicted shortages. They can also profit ofretailer needs to go and visit wholesale sellers. The
oversupply by getting very cheap goods fromretailer has no representation of prices: it can
wholesalers and sell them to attract clients. Their firstcompare the values among wholesale sellers, but
interest is thus to find the wholesalers, from whomdoesn't keep this knowledge from one time to
they could purchase the products they need at aanother.
cheaper price.When a retailer decides who it wants to visit, it send
The constraint of continuity in products forces thema message to the wholesale seller, proposing to buy
to have habits on the market itself: either they go toa product. This message queues among other
certain wholesale sellers who always have a wideretailers' and is answered to buy the wholesale seller.
range of products or they have relations with severalA retailer is characterised by two behavioural aspects:
sellers who will help them fulfil their needs as well asits degree of loyalty and the time it stays on the
they can. In there case, having a friendly relation withmarket. It can be either loyal or selfish, and the
a seller can enable them to order from one day todifference of behaviour, which is implied, will be
another, or to know about shortages to come a daydescribed in the next section. It can stay for a short
in advance.or a long time. There are 4-negotiation period on the
The other constraint for the buyers is time. Most ofmarket. A short-time retailer can stay for 3 periods; a
them have to go back to their shop as early aslong-time retailer can stay for 4 periods.
possible to have their fruits ready for the firstRetailers (mainly loyal ones) have a regular wholesale
customers. Hence, they need some information onseller on the market, which is initialised randomly. For
the market situation but cannot go around indefinitely.the first model, the regular wholesale seller is always
In this market, there is no global information for thethe same along the simulation.